Imishini yokuqopha ye-CNC inekhono ekwenzeni imishini enembayo ngamathuluzi amancane futhi inamandla okugaya, ukugaya, ukubhola, kanye nokuthepha ngesivinini esikhulu.Zisetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene efana nemboni ye-3C, imboni yesikhunta, kanye nemboni yezokwelapha.Lesi sihloko siqoqa imibuzo evamile mayelana nokuqoshwa kwe-CNC.
Yimuphi umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokuqoshwa kwe-CNC kanye nokugaya kwe-CNC?
Kokubili ukuqoshwa kwe-CNC kanye nezinqubo zokugaya ze-CNC zisebenzisa izimiso zokugaya.Umehluko omkhulu usekusetshenzisweni kwedayamitha yethuluzi, nebanga lobubanzi bethuluzi elivame ukusetshenziswa lokugaya i-CNC elisuka kumamilimitha angu-6 ukuya kwangu-40, kuyilapho ububanzi bethuluzi lokucubungula ukuqoshwa kwe-CNC busukela ku-0.2 ukuya ku-3 wamamilimitha.
Ingabe ukugaya kwe-CNC kungasetshenziswa kuphela ekwenzeni imishini enzima, kuyilapho ukuqoshwa kwe-CNC kungasetshenziswa kuphela ekwenzeni imishini enembile?
Ngaphambi kokuphendula lo mbuzo, ake siqale siqonde umqondo wenqubo.Ivolumu yokucutshungulwa komshini onzima mkhulu, kuyilapho ivolumu yokucutshungulwa komshini wokunemba incane, ngakho-ke abanye abantu bajwayele ukubheka ukwenza imishini njengokuthi "ukusika okunzima" kanye nokwenza kahle njengokuthi "ukusika okulula".Eqinisweni, ukwenziwa kwemishini okungalungile, ukwenziwa kwe-semi precision machining, nokunemba kwemishini kuyimiqondo yenqubo emele izigaba zokucubungula ezihlukene.Ngakho-ke, impendulo enembile yalo mbuzo ukuthi i-CNC Milling ingakwazi ukusika noma ukusika okulula, kuyilapho ukuqoshwa kwe-CNC kungenza kuphela ukusika okulula.
Ingabe inqubo yokuqopha ye-CNC ingasetshenziselwa umshini onzima wezinto zensimbi?
Ukwahlulela ukuthi ukuqoshwa kwe-CNC kungacubungula into ethile ikakhulukazi kuncike ekutheni ithuluzi likhulu kangakanani lingasetshenziswa.Amathuluzi okusika asetshenziswa ekucubunguleni ukuqoshwa kwe-CNC anquma umthamo wawo wokusika omkhulu.Uma ukwakheka kwesikhunta kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi anobubanzi obudlula amamilimitha ayi-6, kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi uqale usebenzise ukugaya i-CNC bese usebenzisa ukuqopha ukuze ususe izinto ezisele.
Ingabe ukwengeza ikhanda elikhulayo ngesivinini ku-spindle yesikhungo semishini ye-CNC kungaqedela ukucubungula okuqoshiwe?
Ayikwazi ukuqedela.Lo mkhiqizo uvele embukisweni eminyakeni emibili edlule, kodwa kwakungenakwenzeka ukuqedela inqubo yokubaza.Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi ukuklanywa kwezikhungo zemishini ye-CNC kucabangela uhla lwazo lwamathuluzi, futhi isakhiwo sonke asifanele ukucubungula ukuqoshwa.Isizathu esiyinhloko salo mbono oyiphutha ukuthi bathatha iphutha lokuphotha likagesi elinesivinini esikhulu njengokuwukuphela kwesici somshini wokuqopha.
Yiziphi izici eziyinhloko ezithinta ukucubungula ukuqoshwa?
Ukucutshungulwa kwemishini kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi kunezici eziningi ezithinta yona, ikakhulukazi ezihlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo: izici zethuluzi lomshini, amathuluzi okusika, izinhlelo zokulawula, izici ezibonakalayo, ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula, izinto ezisizayo, nendawo ezungezile.
Yiziphi izidingo zesistimu yokulawula ekucutshungulweni kokuqoshwa kwe-CNC?
Ukuqoshwa kwe-CNC ngokuyinhloko kuwukucubungula ukugaya, ngakho-ke uhlelo lokulawula kufanele lube nekhono lokulawula ukucubungula ukugaya.Ngomshini omncane wamathuluzi, umsebenzi we-feedforward kufanele uhlinzekwe ukuze ubambezele indlela kusenesikhathi futhi kuncishiswe imvamisa yokuphuka kwamathuluzi.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyadingeka ukwandisa ijubane lokusika ezingxenyeni zendlela ezibushelelezi, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokuqopha ukucubungula.
Yiziphi izici zezinto ezizothinta ukucubungula?
Izici eziyinhloko ezithinta ukusebenza kokubaza kwezinto ziwuhlobo lwezinto ezibonakalayo, ubulukhuni, nokuqina.Izigaba zezinto zifaka insimbi nezinto ezingezona ezensimbi.Sekukonke, ukuphakama kokuqina, kubi kakhulu ukusebenza, kuyilapho ukuphakama kwe-viscosity, kubi kakhulu ukusebenza.Ukungcola okuthe xaxa, kuba kubi kakhulu ukusebenza, kanye nobulukhuni bezinhlayiya ngaphakathi kwempahla, okuholela ekusebenzeni okubi kakhulu.Izinga elijwayelekile liwukuthi: ukuphakama kwekhabhoni, ukusebenza kabi kakhulu, ukuphakama kwengxube yengxubevange, ukusebenza kabi kakhulu, kanye nokuphakama kwezinto ezingezona ezensimbi, kuba ngcono ukusebenza (kodwa okuqukethwe okungeyona insimbi ngokuvamile izinto zokwakha zilawulwa ngokuqinile).
Yiziphi izinto ezifanele ukucutshungulwa kokubaza?
Izinto ezingezona zensimbi ezifanele ukuqoshwa zihlanganisa ingilazi yemvelo, inhlaka, ukhuni, njll. Izinto ezingezona zensimbi ezingakufanelekele ukuqoshwa zihlanganisa imabula yemvelo, ingilazi, njll. Izinto zensimbi ezifanele zokuqoshwa zihlanganisa ithusi, i-aluminium, nensimbi ethambile enobulukhuni obungaphansi kwe-HRC40 , kuyilapho izinto zensimbi ezingafaneleki zokubaza zihlanganisa insimbi ecishiwe, njll.
Uyini umthelela wethuluzi lokusika ngokwalo enqubweni yomshini futhi lithinta kanjani?
Izinto zamathuluzi okusika ezithinta ukucutshungulwa kokuqoshwa zihlanganisa impahla yamathuluzi, amapharamitha wejometri, nobuchwepheshe bokugaya.Ithuluzi lokusika elisetshenziselwa ukucubungula i-hard alloy material, okuyi-powder alloy.Inkomba yokusebenza eyinhloko enquma ukusebenza kwezinto ezibonakalayo ububanzi obuphakathi be-powder.Uma ububanzi buba buncane, ithuluzi likwazi ukumelana kakhulu, futhi ukuqina kwethuluzi kuzoba phezulu.Ulwazi olwengeziwe lokuhlela lwe-NC lugxile ku-akhawunti esemthethweni ye-WeChat (i-NC programming teaching) ukuze uthole okokufundisa.Ubukhali bethuluzi ikakhulukazi buthinta amandla okusika.Lapho ithuluzi libukhali, amandla okusika ayancipha, ukucutshungulwa kubushelelezi, kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu, kodwa kunciphisa ukuqina kwethuluzi.Ngakho-ke, ubukhali obuhlukile kufanele kukhethwe lapho kusetshenzwa izinto ezahlukene.Lapho ucubungula izinto ezithambile nezinamathelayo, kuyadingeka ukulola ithuluzi lokusika.Lapho ubulukhuni bezinto ezicutshungulwayo buphezulu, ubukhali kufanele buncishiswe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina kwethuluzi lokusika.Kodwa ngeke kube buthuntu kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho amandla okusika azoba makhulu kakhulu futhi athinte umshini.Isici esibalulekile ekugayweni kwamathuluzi usayizi wemeshi wesondo lokugaya elinemba.Isondo lokugaya elinemeshi eliphakeme lingakhiqiza imiphetho yokusika ecolekileyo, ithuthukise ngempumelelo ukuqina kwethuluzi lokusika.Amasondo okugaya anosayizi ophezulu we-mesh angakhiqiza izindawo ezibushelelezi ze-flank, ezingathuthukisa ikhwalithi yangaphezulu yokusika.
Ithini ifomula yempilo yamathuluzi?
Impilo yamathuluzi ibhekisela kakhulu empilweni yamathuluzi ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa kwezinto zensimbi.Ifomula yamandla ithi: (T iyimpilo yethuluzi, i-CT iyipharamitha yokuphila, i-VC ijubane lomugqa wokusika, f ukujula kokusika ngakunye ukuphenduka, kanye no-P ukujula kokusika).Isivinini somugqa wokusika sinomthelela omkhulu kakhulu empilweni yamathuluzi.Ukwengeza, ukuphuma kwe-radial yamathuluzi, ikhwalithi yokugaya ithuluzi, impahla yamathuluzi kanye nokunamathiswa, kanye nokupholisa kungathinta ukuqina kwamathuluzi.
Indlela yokuvikela imishini yomshini wokubaza ngesikhathi sokucubungula?
1) Vikela idivayisi yokumisa ithuluzi ekugugulekeni kukawoyela ngokweqile.
2) Naka ukulawulwa kwemfucumfucu endizayo.Imfucumfucu endizayo ibeka usongo olukhulu ethuluzini lomshini.Ukundizela kukhabethe lokulawula ugesi kungabangela ukujikeleza okufushane, futhi ukundizela kumzila wesitimela kunganciphisa impilo yesikulufu nesitimela somhlahlandlela.Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokucubungula, izingxenye eziyinhloko zethuluzi lomshini kufanele zivalwe kahle.
I-3) Uma uhambisa ukukhanya, ungadonsi isibani sesibani ngoba singalimaza kalula isibani sesibani.
I-4) Phakathi nenqubo yokugaya, ungasondeli endaweni yokusika ukuze ubonwe ukuze ugweme imfucumfucu endizayo engalimaza amehlo.Uma i-spindle motor izungeza, ayivunyelwe ukwenza noma yikuphi ukusebenza ebhentshini lokusebenza.
5) Lapho uvula futhi uvala umnyango wethuluzi lomshini, ungawuvuli ngenkani noma uwuvale.Ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokunemba, umthelela nokudlidliza phakathi nenqubo yokuvula umnyango kungabangela izimpawu zommese endaweni ecutshunguliwe.
I-6) Ukuze unikeze isivinini sokuphotha bese uqala ukucutshungulwa, ngaphandle kwalokho ngenxa yokuqala kancane kwe-spindle, isivinini esifiswayo singase singafinyelelwa ngaphambi kokuqala ukucutshungulwa, okubangela ukuthi injini iphelelwe umoya.
7) Akuvunyelwe ukubeka noma yimaphi amathuluzi noma ama-workpieces ku-crossbeam yethuluzi lomshini.
8) Akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele ukubeka amathuluzi kazibuthe njengezinkomishi zokudonsa kazibuthe kanye nezibambi zegeji yokudayela kukhabethe lokulawula likagesi, njengoba lokhu kungase kulimaze isibonisi.
Uyini umsebenzi wokusika uketshezi?
Naka ukwengeza amafutha okupholisa ngesikhathi sokucubungula insimbi.Umsebenzi wesistimu yokupholisa ukususa ukushisa okusika kanye nemfucumfucu endizayo, ukuhlinzeka ngokugcotshwa komshini.Isipholile sizohambisa ibhande lokusika, sinciphise ukushisa okudluliselwe ethuluzini lokusika kanye nenjini, futhi sithuthukise impilo yabo yesevisi.Susa imfucumfucu endizayo ukuze ugweme ukusika okwesibili.Ukugcoba kunganciphisa amandla okusika futhi kwenze imishini izinze.Ekucubunguleni ithusi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-oily cutting fluid kungathuthukisa izinga eliphezulu.
Yiziphi izigaba zokugqoka kwamathuluzi?
Ukugqokwa kwamathuluzi okusika kungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu: ukugqokwa kokuqala, ukugqokwa okujwayelekile, nokugqoka okubukhali.Esigabeni sokuqala sokugqoka, isizathu esiyinhloko sokugqoka kwamathuluzi ukuthi izinga lokushisa lamathuluzi liphansi futhi alifinyeleli izinga lokushisa elilungile lokusika.Ngalesi sikhathi, ukugqokwa kwamathuluzi ikakhulukazi ukuguga, okunomthelela omkhulu ethuluzini.Ulwazi olwengeziwe lokuhlela lwe-NC lugxile ku-akhawunti esemthethweni ye-WeChat (ukufundisa kokulawula uhlelo lwedijithali) ukuze uthole okokufundisa, okulula ukubangela ukuphuka kwamathuluzi.Lesi sigaba siyingozi kakhulu, futhi uma singasingathwanga kahle, singaholela ngokuqondile ekuphukeni nasekuhlulekeni kwamathuluzi.Lapho ithuluzi lidlula isikhathi sokuqala sokugqoka futhi izinga lokushisa lokusika lifinyelela inani elithile, ukugqokwa okuyinhloko ukugqoka kwe-diffusion, okubangela ngokuyinhloko ukuxebuka kwendawo.Ngakho-ke, ukugqoka kuncane futhi kuhamba kancane.Lapho ukugqoka kufinyelela ezingeni elithile, ithuluzi liba lingasebenzi futhi lingena enkathini yokugqoka ngokushesha.
Kungani futhi kanjani amathuluzi okusika adinga ukwenziwa?
Sishilo ngenhla ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuqala sokugqoka, ithuluzi lijwayele ukuphuka.Ukuze sigweme isenzakalo sokuphuka, kufanele sigijime ethuluzini.Khulisa kancane kancane izinga lokushisa lethuluzi libe lokushisa elifanele.Ngemva kokuqinisekisa kokuhlolwa, ukuqhathanisa kwenziwa kusetshenziswa amapharamitha wokucubungula afanayo.Kuyabonakala ukuthi ngemuva kokusebenza, impilo yamathuluzi inyuke ngokuphindwe kabili.
Indlela yokugijima iwukunciphisa isivinini sokuphakela ngesigamu ngenkathi ugcina isivinini sokuphotha esiphusile, futhi isikhathi sokucubungula cishe imizuzu emi-5-10.Lapho ucubungula izinto ezithambile, thatha inani elincane, futhi lapho ucubungula izinsimbi eziqinile, thatha inani elikhulu.
Unganquma kanjani ukugqoka kwamathuluzi okunzima?
Indlela yokunquma ukugqoka kwamathuluzi okunamandla yile:
1) Lalela umsindo wokucubungula bese ushaya ucingo olunzima;
2) Ukulalela umsindo we-spindle, kukhona into ephawulekayo ye-spindle ebambelela emuva;
3) Ukuzwa ukuthi ukudlidliza kuyanda ngesikhathi sokucubungula, futhi kukhona ukudlidliza okusobala ku-spindle yethuluzi lomshini;
4) Ngokusekelwe kumphumela wokucubungula, iphethini ye-blade ecutshunguliwe ingase ibe yinhle noma ibe yimbi (uma lokhu kunjalo ekuqaleni, kubonisa ukuthi ukujula kokusika kujule kakhulu).
Kufanele ngiwushintshe nini ummese?
Kufanele simiselele ithuluzi cishe ku-2/3 womkhawulo wempilo yamathuluzi.Isibonelo, uma ithuluzi lihlangabezana nokuguga okukhulu phakathi kwemizuzu engama-60, ukucubungula okulandelayo kufanele kuqale ukushintsha ithuluzi phakathi nemizuzu engama-40 futhi kuthuthukise umkhuba wokushintsha ithuluzi njalo.
Ingabe amathuluzi aguge kakhulu angaqhubeka nomshini?
Ngemuva kokugqoka kwamathuluzi okunzima, amandla okusika angakhuphuka abe izikhathi ezintathu ezijwayelekile.Amandla okusika anomthelela obalulekile empilweni yesevisi ye-electrode yokuphotha, futhi ubudlelwano phakathi kwempilo yesevisi yemoto yokuphotha kanye namandla ahambisana ngokuphambene namandla wesithathu.Isibonelo, lapho amandla okusika akhuphuka izikhathi ezintathu, ukucubungula imizuzu eyi-10 kulingana nokusebenzisa i-spindle imizuzu engu-10 * 33=270 ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile.
Indlela yokunquma ubude besandiso bethuluzi ngesikhathi sokusebenza kanzima?
Uma bufushane ubude besandiso bethuluzi, kuba ngcono.Kodwa-ke, ekwenzeni imishini yangempela, uma imfushane kakhulu, ubude bethuluzi budinga ukulungiswa njalo, okungathinta kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwemishini.Ngakho-ke ubude besandiso bethuluzi lokusika kufanele bulawulwe kanjani ekwenzeni imishini yangempela?Isimiso simi kanje: φ Ibha yamathuluzi enobubanzi obungu-3 ingacutshungulwa ngokujwayelekile ngokwelula ngo-5mm.φ Ibha yokusika engu-4-diameter ingacutshungulwa ngokujwayelekile ngokwelula ngo-7mm.φ Ibha yokusika engu-6-diameter ingacutshungulwa ngokujwayelekile ngokwelula ngo-10mm.Zama ukufinyelela ngaphansi kwalezi zindinganiso lapho usika.Uma ubude bethuluzi elingaphezulu bukhulu kunenani elingenhla, zama ukulilawula lifinyelele ekujuleni kokucubungula lapho ithuluzi liguga.Lokhu kunzima ukukuqonda futhi kudinga ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe.
Indlela yokusingatha ukuphuka kwamathuluzi kungazelelwe ngesikhathi sokucubungula?
1) Misa ukwenza imishini futhi ubuke inombolo yamanje ye-serial yemishini.
2) Hlola ukuthi kukhona yini i-blade ephukile endaweni yokusika, futhi uma kunjalo, yisuse.
3) Hlaziya imbangela yethuluzi eliphukile, elibaluleke kakhulu.Kungani ithuluzi laphuka?Kudingeka sihlaziye kusukela kuzici ezihlukahlukene ezithinta ukucubungula okukhulunywe ngenhla.Kodwa isizathu sethuluzi eliphukile ukuthi amandla ethuluzi ayanda ngokuzumayo.Kungenzeka ukuthi inkinga yendlela, noma kukhona ukunyakaziswa kwamathuluzi okweqile, noma kukhona amabhlogo aqinile kokokusebenza, noma isivinini se-spindle motor asilungile.
4) Ngemuva kokuhlaziya, buyisela ithuluzi lokucubungula.Uma indlela ingashintshwanga, ukukhanda kufanele kwenziwe inombolo eyodwa ngaphambi kwenombolo yokuqala.Ngalesi sikhathi, kuyadingeka ukunaka ukunciphisa isivinini sokuphakelayo.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuqina ngesikhathi sokunqamuka kwamathuluzi kubi, futhi kuyadingeka ukwenza ithuluzi lingene.
Ungalungisa kanjani amapharamitha wokucubungula lapho umshini onzima ungalungile?
Uma impilo yethuluzi ingenakuqinisekiswa ngesivinini esizwakalayo se-eksisi eyinhloko, lapho ulungisa amapharamitha, lungisa ukujula kokusika kuqala, bese ulungisa isivinini sokuphakelayo, bese ulungisa izinga lokuphakelayo elisemaceleni futhi.(Qaphela: Ukulungisa ukujula kokusika nakho kunemikhawulo. Uma ukujula kokusika kukuncane kakhulu futhi kunezendlalelo eziningi kakhulu, ukusebenza kahle kokusika kwethiyori kungase kube phezulu. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kahle kwangempela kokucubungula kuthinteka ezinye izici, okuholela ekucubunguleni okuphansi kakhulu. Kuleli qophelo, kuyadingeka ukuthi esikhundleni sethuluzi lokusika kufakwe elincanyana ukuze licutshungulwe, kodwa ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula kuphezulu. Ngokuvamile, ukujula kokusika okuncane angeke kube ngaphansi kuka-0.1mm.).
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-13-2023
